Подразделы арабской грамматики:

(1) Nahw (& Sarf) i.e. Arabic Grammar per se, which constitutes the primary area of Arabic grammatical study and is itself multilayered or leveled: (a) the level of Mutun (basic texts whether in prose or poetry form), (b) the level of Shuruh (commentaries), (c) the level of Hawashi(super-commentaries), and finally (d) the level of Taqrirat (fine & intricate scholarly remarks often on super-commentaries); the Mutun themselves range from small treatises to large volumes.

(2) Amali & Masa-il literature (Scholarly Dictations and Particular Questions on Arabic Grammar); Amali & Masa-il are actually two separate genres, the former refers to certain scholars' dictations to audiences (sometimes spontaneously and sometimes in response to specific questions), and the second to grammatical questions compiled by certain grammarians in a single volume whilst, for example, residing in particular areas or being on travel, and these Masa-il compilations normally derive their names from these areas or occasions.

(3) I‘rab (Syntactic Analysis / Grammatical Parsing); the literature on I‘rab is itself varied, with the following comprising the primary categories: (a) I‘rab of the Qur'an (the whole or parts, a single qira-ah, all 7 or 10 qira-at, or even the qira'at shadh-dhah / shawadh, (b) I‘rab of Hadith, (c) I‘rab of Qasa-id (poems), (d) I‘rab of Arabic grammar texts / treatises themselves, (e) I‘rab of Shawahid Nahwiyyah (textual grammar proofs), I‘rab of Arabic Adawat and miscellaneous expressions, I‘rab of Jumal & Ashbah Jumal (sentences & quasi-sentences), etc.

(4) Qawa-‘id al-I‘rab (Rules & Principles of I‘rab).

(5) Usul al-Nahw (Arabic Grammatical Theory / Principles of Arabic Grammar); Usul al-Nahw is Nahw as Usul al-Fiqh is to Fiqh; in fact, it was designed on the same model as that of Usul al-Fiqh.

(6) ‘Ilal al-Nahw (second-and third order explanation of Arabic grammatical phenomena); ‘Illal al-Nahw constitutes the “Why’s” of Arabic grammar.

(7) Qawa-‘id al-Nahw / al-Ashbah wal-Natha-ir (Arabic Grammatical Maxims); like Usul-al-Nahw, Qawa-‘d al-Nahw is to al-Nahw as Qawa-‘id al-Fiqh is to al-Fiqh.

(8) Masa-il al-Khilaf (Arabic Grammar Polemics / Disputation); this area deals with disagreements and controversies among the Arabic grammarians esp. those belonging to the Basrah & Kufa Grammar Schools; these grammar schools are similar to the four legal schools in Islamic Law.

(9) Majalis wa Munatharat al-Nahw (Arabic Grammar Sessions & Debates).

(10) Ta’rikh al-Nahw (History & Development of Arabic Grammar).

(11) Tarajim wa Tabaqat al-Nahwiyyin (Biographies of Arabic Grammarians & the Different Generations of Arabic Grammarians).

(12) Hudud al-Nahw (Arabic Grammar Definitions).

(13) Al-Ma‘ajim al-Nahwiyyah (Arabic Grammar Dictionaries).

(14) Tawjih al-Qira-at (Justification and Vindication of Qur’anic Readings).

(15) Jam‘ wa Sharh al-Shawahid al-Shi‘riyyah (Compilation and Explanation of Arabic Grammar Proofs).

(16) Al-Alghaz wa al-Ahaji al-Nahwiyyah (Arabic Grammar Riddles and Brain-Teasers).

(17) Ma‘ani al-Nahw (Semantic Study of Arabic Grammar); this area deals with the meanings conveyed the various grammatical items and constructions studied in Nahw & Sarf.

(18) Rasa-il fi al-Mawdu‘at al-Mu‘ayyanah wa al-Mutafarriqat (Treatises & Works on Particular & Miscellaneous Topics); often particular Arabic grammar topics are singled out for independent and in-depth study.

(19) Athar al-Lughah ‘Umuman wa al-Nahw Khususan fi al-‘Ulum al-Shar‘iyyah (Impact of Arabic in general & Arabic Grammar in particular on the Islamic Sciences).

(20) Al-Jadawil (al-Sarfiyyah) (Arabic Grammar Tables, & more specifically Morphological Tables).

(21) Dirasat Muqaranah (Comparative Studies); here a particular grammatical topic is selected and studied across diverse Arabic linguistic disciplines.

конспекты с урока сарфа и нахву:
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